Land consumption spreco, consumo e uso sostenibile
Keywords:
gis, sostenibilità urbana, ottimizzazione, uso del suolo sostenibile, consumo di suoloSinossi
Publisher: FedOA Press - Federico II Open Access University Press
Series: Smart City, Urban Planning for a Sustainable Future.
Pages: 161
Language: Italiano
Abstract: L’accelerazione dei processi di espansione delle aree urbane, che ha caratterizzato soprattutto alcune aree del mondo negli ultimi decenni, ha fatto progredire in modo sostanzialmente incontrollato il fenomeno del consumo di suolo, sollecitando riflessioni sul tema e facendo emergere la complessità di tale questione per decisori e tecnici del governo delle trasformazioni urbane e territoriali. Gli episodi di inondazioni, frane e colate rapide che si verificano ormai con una maggiore frequenza hanno, inoltre, contribuito ad accentuare la fragilità del suolo e soprattutto i disastrosi effetti che il processo di impermeabilizzazione comporta, riducendo fortemente la capacità drenante di questa risorsa naturale ed aumentando, di conseguenza, la vulnerabilità delle aree urbane a rischi naturali quali quello idrogeologico. Secondo i più recenti report europei, i processi di variazione degli usi del suolo hanno determinato, nell’ultimo decennio, un aumento della perdita di questa risorsa pari al doppio dell'aumento della popolazione. Si tratta di un trend non più tollerabile, considerato che il suolo non è in grado di ricostituirsi in tempi compatibili con quelli che caratterizzano le continue trasformazioni di un sistema dinamico come quello urbano. L’uso sostenibile e la salvaguardia della risorsa suolo risultano, di conseguenza, fondamentali anche ai fini della mitigazione e dell’adattamento al cambiamento climatico, costituendo un’efficace misura di contrasto ai problemi di dissesto idrogeologico che caratterizzano numerose aree italiane. In tale contesto, questo volume intende fornire uno strumento di supporto alle decisioni (denominato mappa dell’ottimizzazione dell’uso del suolo) che, in ragione del pregio di questa risorsa e delle caratteristiche fisiche e funzionali del sistema urbano, consenta di “ottimizzare” l’uso del suolo, garantendo la sostenibilità degli interventi di trasformazione. Ottimizzare l’uso del suolo significa utilizzare al meglio tale risorsa e individuando tra le alternative di trasformazione possibili, quelle praticabili nel rispetto della compatibilità ambientale, storica, geomorfologica e in ragione della domanda del contesto urbano di riferimento. Il volume si articola in quattro parti. La prima è volta alla definizione del quadro di riferimento scientifico sul tema del consumo di suolo, inquadrando la questione all’interno di quella più ampia della sostenibilità urbana e tenendo anche conto degli effetti che i cambiamenti di uso del suolo determinano in termini di cambiamento climatico. Questa parte del volume offre, inoltre, una lettura delle strategie europee e delle principali norme nazionali e regionali italiane inerenti al governo delle trasformazioni territoriali alla scala vasta, con l’obiettivo di indagare come è affrontata la questione dello sfruttamento di questa risorsa naturale. La seconda descrive le tecnica / procedura alla base dello strumento di supporto al governo delle trasformazioni urbane proposto, approfondendo i concetti chiave su cui si basa l’intero lavoro di ricerca, quali uso ottimale del suolo e trasformabilità urbana. La terza illustra l’applicazione della procedura proposta ad un’area di studio caratterizzata dalla presenza di elevati rischi naturali. La quarta offre una sintesi dei risultati ottenuti.
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